III.2.2 Pronouns
1.) personal pronouns
The personal pronoun is declined similar to a noun.
1. person | 2. person |
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nominative | nor | aion | acos | ocos |
genitive | ná | aiá | aca | oca |
dative | nó | aió | ace | oce |
accusative | norach | aiách | acach | ocach |
locative | nán | aián | acan | ocan |
partitive | nú | aiú | acu | ocu |
4. person | 5. person |
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nominative | thures | lis | hos |
genitive | thuas | lias | hás |
dative | thús | lés | hós |
accusative | thuachis | liachis | hóchis |
locative | thuanes | lianes | hánes |
partitive | thus | lios | hús |
2.) possessive pronouns
The possessive
is derived from the pronoun by using the ending -ma and is declined
like a noun: As with nouns, so here also, the gender particle
is used:
1. person | a noma, o noma | 2. person | ar aima, on aima | 3. person | a cama, o cama |
4. person | a thuma, o thuma | 5. person | a lima, o lima | 6. person | a homa, o homa |
The demonstrative has two grades: cin
(this) and tulo (that). In single usage the gender particle
stands before the pronoun; e.g. a cin (this), o tulo
(that, female). When accompanied by a noun, the gender particle
is moved in front of both words; e.g. a cin indar (this
hunter). Demonstratives decline like nouns.
Deklination:
a) cin (this)
singular | plural | |
nominative | cin | cinis |
genitive | cina | cinas |
dative | cine | cines |
accusative | cinach | cinachis |
locative | cinan | cinanis |
partitive | cinu |
b) tula (that)
singular | plural | |
nominative | tula | tulas |
genitive | tulá | tulás |
dative | tuló | tulós |
accusative | tulách | tuláchis |
locative | tulán | tulánis |
partitive | tulú |
From rarely used forms of Eleiar and of the daughter languages we can deduce two further demonstrative roots: Thus CHE (this) from a chá indareo (this hunter, however) and the later article achar (the); and FIN (that) from eastern-elven efna (the).
4.) interrogative pronouns;
Like in many other languages the interrogative and the relative
pronouns are closely related in Eleiar. The relative root AN becomes
the interrogative anu? (who?) when combined with the question-particle
-U. It declines like a pronouns, but only possesses singular forms:
nominative | genitive | dative | accusative | locative | partitive |
anu? | anua? | anú | anuach | anuan | anu |
5.) relative pronoun
The relative an is declined like a pronoun. It can also
be attached to the verb to take object position; e.g. lamanai
(whom you see).
To distinguish the genders again the particle is used; e.g. Lamai
galusach, ar an... (You see the father, who...) This however
is used only when the reference is unclear (in our case it should
read Lamai galusach, an...).
singular | plural | |
nominative | an | anis |
genitive | ana | anas |
dative | ane | anes |
accusative | anach | anachis |
locative | anan | ananis |
partitive | anu |
6.) indefinite pronoun:
The indefinite pronoun uca (someone, somebody) seems to
be a compound when looking at the syllable structure of Eleiar;
maybe from the interrogative particle and the demonstrative pronoun.
Counterpart of uca is tica (nobody, noone, derived
from the negation TI). Other indefinites are hén
(everybody) and tihén (nobody).
Indefinites decline like the other pronouns and can be used as
an adjective and as a noun; e.g. ar uca, an... (someone
who...); ar ucó indaré, an... (some hunter,
who...).