III.3. Grammar of South-Elven
Due to the loss of most vowels in final syllables the flexion
of South-Elven was also lost (except of the flexion of verbs).
The relations within the sentence were subsequently expressed
by word order. As regards grammar, therefore, South-Elven is less
conservative as in comparison to phonetics.
III.3.1. Nouns
In contrast to the other Elven
daughter languages of Eleiar the declension of South-Elbven was
lost with the loss of final syllables. Only the plural ending
-is remained:
Forms of Eleiar | singular | plural |
a siadd | sídd | síddis |
a geora | gér | géris |
ar indare | inder | inderis |
Words which end on -is (e.g.: némis, gift) have similar forms in singular and plural.
As a kind of compensation for the loss of declensions South-Elven
has retained the gender particles and uses them as articles.
As in Eleiar, the article is adapted to the initial sound of the
noun: masculine: a sídd (the people, the
tribe); ar inder (the hunter); feminine: o baedach
(the deer); on eardav (the care). In noun phrases the article
stands before a construction and adapts to the following word;
e.g.: ar árdyl sídd (the proud people), o
cylt aethis (the intelligent beloved). With the attachment
of the plural endings new plural forms developed, which also adapt
to the initial syllable of the following word; e.g.: masculine:
ae síddis (the peoples); aes inderis (the
hunters); feminine: ú baedachis (the deer);
ús aethis (the beloved).
The dominant word order of sentences is subject - indirect object
- direct object; e.g.: Nor slidin o siddas a némis
(I give the present to the mother).
The adjective has retained the comparative forms of Eleier:
Comparative: thuryl : cethuryl (fast : faster);
arcyl : cárcyl (shure : shurer)
Superlative: thuryl : nothuryl (fast : fastest);
arcyl : nárcyl (shure : shurest).