Verbs of West-Elven

I.3.4. Verbs

The verbs changed only slightly. Therefore it suffices to name the forms.
1.) Forms of the indicative (active):

a) present:
The case endings withstood the phonetic changes. Instead of -an Þ -en the original form was retained; exception: the 2. person on -í.

1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
*slidian*	*slidí*	*slidiac*	*slidiath*	*slidial*	*slidia (to give)*
*laman*	*lamí*	*lamac*	*lamath*	*lamal*	*lama (to see)*

b) preterite
Note the phonetic changes of the extended verbs on -ia.

1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
*slidithan*	*slidithí*	*slidithac*	*slidithath*	*slidithal*	*sliditha*
*lamithan*	*lamithí*	*lamithac*	*lamithath*	*lamithal*	*lamitha*

c) perfect

1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
*slínidan*	*slínidí*	*slínidac*	*slínidath*	*slínidal*	*slínida*
*laniman*	*lanimí*	*lanimac*	*lanimath*	*lanimal*	*lanima*

d) futuree

1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
*slídilan*	*slídilai*	*slídilac*	*slídilath*	*slídilal*	*slídila*
*lamilan*	*lamilí*	*lamilac*	*lamilath*	*lamilal*	*lamila*

2.) The forms of the optative:
The optative differs from the indicative by the modal sign -u-. The optative is only formed ion the present, preterite and perfect.

a) present

1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
*slidiun*	*slidí*	*slidiuc*	*slidiuth*	*slidiul*	*slidiu*
*lamun*	*lamí*	*lamuc*	*lamuth*	*lamul*	*lamu*

c) preterite
The tense vowel -u- of the optative preterite also withstood the change to -i-, because else it would have been equal to the indicative.

1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
*slidiuthan*	*slidiuthí*	*slidiuthac*	*slidiuthath*	*slidiuthal*	*slidiutha*
*lamuthan*	*lamuthí*	*lamuthac*	*lamuthath*	*lamuthal*	*lamutha*

c) perfect

1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
*slínidun*	*slíniduí*	*slíniduc*	*slíniduth*	*slínidul*	*slínidu*
*lanimun*	*lanimuí*	*lanimuc*	*lanimuth*	*lanimul*	*lanimu*

4.) The imperative:

2. person	3. person	5. person	6. person
*slídirí*	*slídóc*	*slídól*	*slídó*
*lamirí*	*lamóc*	*lamól*	*lamó*

5.) The passive forms

1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
*rolimamn*	*rolimimí*	*rolimanc*	*rolimanth*	*rolimimal*	*rolimima*
*rolimithann*	*rolimithimí*	*rolimithanc*	*rolimithanth*	*rolimithimal*	*rolimithima*
*rolinimann*	rolinimí *	*rolinimanc*	*rolinimanth*	rolinimal *	rolinima *
*rolimilann*	*rolimilimí*	*rolimilanc*	*rolimilanth*	*rolimilimal*	*rolimilima*

* These forms developed by haplology (reduction of equal syllables)e.g.: *rolinimimí Þ rolinimí.

6.) The infixed relative pronoun

1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
*laminan*	*laminí*	*laminac*	*laminath*	*laminal*	*lamina*
*lamithinan*	*lamithiní*	*lamithinac*	*lamithinath*	*lamithinal*	*lamithina*
*laniminan*	*laniminí*	*laniminac*	*laniminath*	*laniminal*	*lanimina*
*lamilinan*	*lamiliní*	*lamilinac*	*lamilinath*	*lamilinal*	*lamilina*

7.) Infinite Forms

a) infinitivee
The infinitivee is formed by the ending -iddan
infinitivee present:
z.B.: slididdan (to give), lamiddan (to see)
infinitive perfect:
z.B.: slínididdan (to have given), lanimiddan (to have seen)
infinitive futuree:
z.B.: slídiliddan (to be giving), lamiliddan (to be seeing)

The passive infinitives are distinguished by the prefix ro-; e.g.: roslididdan, roslínididdan, roslídiliddan.

8.) Perfect participle

Examples: aeris (desired), raeris (have been desired); slídis (given), roslídis (have been given); lamis (seen), rolimis (have been seen); indis (hunted) rúndis (have been hunted).
The participle declines like nouns. Example: slídis (given):

singular	m.	f.	plural	m.	f.
nominative	*slídis*	*slídiru*	nominative	*slídiris*	*slídirus*
genitive	*slídiru*	*slídiru*	genitive	*slídirus*	*slídirus*
dative	*slídire*	*slídiró*	dative	*slídires*	*slídirus*
accusative	*slídirach*	*slídirách*	accusative	*slídirichis*	*slídiráchis*
locative	*slídirente*	*slídiránte*	locative	*slídirintes*	*slídirántes*
partitive	*slídiru*	*slídirú*

9.) The auxiliary theoddan (to be)
a) indicative

	1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
present	*thuan*	*thuí*	*thuac*	*thuath*	*thual*	*thua*
preterite	*theothan*	*theothí*	*theothac*	*theothath*	*theothal*	*theotha*
perfect	*theonan*	*theoní*	*theonac*	*theonath*	*theonal*	*theona*
future	*thuilan*	*thuilí*	*thuilac*	*thuilath*	*thuilal*	*thuila*

b) optative

	1. person	2. person	3. person	4. person	5. person	6. person
present	*thun*	*thuví*	*thuc*	*thuth*	*thul*	*thu*
preterite	*thuthan*	*thuthí*	*thuthac*	*thuthath*	*thuthal*	*thutha*
perfect	*theonon*	*theoní*	*theonoc*	*theonoth*	*theonol*	*theono*

c) imperative

2. person	3. person	5. person	6. person
*theorí*	*thóc*	*thól*	*thó*